Genetic determinism can be described as the attribution of the formation of traits to genes, where genes are ascribed more causal power than what scientific consensus suggests. Belief in genetic determinism is an educational problem because it contradicts scientific knowledge, and is a societal problem because it has the potential to foster intolerant attitudes such as racism and prejudice against sexual orientation. In this article, we begin by investigating the very nature of belief in genetic determinism. Then, we investigate whether (...) knowledge of genetics and genomics is associated with beliefs in genetic determinism. Finally, we explore the extent to which social factors such as gender, education, and religiosity are associated with genetic determinism. Methodologically, we gathered and analyzed data on beliefs in genetic determinism, knowledge of genetics and genomics, and social variables using the “Public Understanding and Attitudes towards Genetics and Genomics” instrument. Our analyses of PUGGS responses from a sample of Brazilian university freshmen undergraduates indicated that belief in genetic determinism was best characterized as a construct built up by two dimensions or belief systems: beliefs concerning social traits and beliefs concerning biological traits; levels of belief in genetic determination of social traits were low, which contradicts prior work; associations between knowledge of genetics and genomics and levels of belief in genetic determinism were low; and social factors such as age and religiosity had stronger associations with beliefs in genetic determinism than knowledge. Although our study design precludes causal inferences, our results raise questions about whether enhancing genetic literacy will decrease or prevent beliefs in genetic determinism. (shrink)

Delivery riders became frontline workers who assisted everyone in getting their daily supplies. They transported them to their destinations when the pandemic started, and everyone had to stay home to stop the COVID-19 virus from spreading. Thus, this study explores the experiences, challenges, and coping mechanisms of 15 Female Delivery Riders in Bulacan, Philippines. The study employed Heideggerian Phenomenology and Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Further, the following themes arise: (1) The Realist, (2) The Accommodated, (3) The Vulnerable, and (4) The (...) Determined. These themes highlighted the experiences and challenges faced by the participants. Moreover, it is highly suggested that female employees should be given preferential assistance given their physical capabilities and role in the family. Thus, local government units should provide an alternative source of income that will allow them to have quality time with their family, especially their children. (shrink)

The paper explores whether the method of reflective equilibrium (RE) in ethics and political philosophy should be individual or public in character. I defend a modestly public conception of RE, in which public opinion is used specifically as a source of considered judgments about cases. Public opinion is superior to philosophical opinion in delivering judgments that are untainted by principled commitments. A case-based approach also mitigates the methodological problems that commonly confront efforts to integrate philosophy with the investigation of popular (...) attitudes. This conception of RE is situated in relation to alternative accounts, including those of Daniels, Rawls, and Wolff and de-Shalit. (shrink)

O texto fala da amizade como inspiração filosófica, mas também como inspiração da vida. Os filósofos e filósofas são “amigos da sabedoria”, mas não necessariamente sábios. Contudo, ao nos aproximarmos do pensamento de Emmanuel Lévinas e Maurice Blanchot, percebemos o exercício profundo do pensamento, feito de cumplicidade intelectual. A amizade entre Lévinas e Blanchot é o fio condutor da escrita. Durante muito tempo foram distantes politicamente. Blanchot apoiou o nazismo enquanto Lévinas escrevia e vivia sobre as consequências do nazismo. Diante (...) de uma admiração filosófica que ambos passam a nutrir, Blanchot muda suas posições. Percebe um tempo de morte, tema que atravessa seus escritos. Entre proximidades e distanciamentos acompanhamos suas conversas infinitas que trazem a filosofia e a literatura como matéria-prima para os inúmeros diálogos tecidos. Suas obras erguem questões e respostas aos estes diálogos. A linguagem torna-se não somente o meio pelo qual se constitui e se faz a defesa do pensamento, mas é ética, filosofia primeira, único caminho possível para existirmos enquanto comunidade. Palavras-chaves: Lévinas, Blanchot, Amizade, Linguagem, Ética. (shrink)

The practical importance of auction theory is widely recognized. Indeed, economists have been recognized for their contribution to the design of several auction-like mechanisms, such as the U. S. Federal Communications Commission spectrum auctions, the 3G auctions in Europe and beyond, and the auction markets for electricity markets around the world. This book provides a step-by-step, self-contained treatment of the theory of auctions. The aim is to provide an introductory textbook that will allow students and readers with a calculus background (...) to work through all the basic results. Coverage includes: the basic independent-private-model; the effects of introducing correlation in valuations on equilibrium behaviour and the seller's expected revenue; mechanism design; and the theory of multi-object auctions. The paperback edition of the text includes a new chapter which acts as a guide to current developments in auction theory. (shrink)

The question of forgiveness in politics has attained a certain cachet. Indeed, in the fifty years since Arendt commented on the notable absence of forgiveness in the political tradition, a vast and multidisciplinary literature on the politics of apology, reparation, and reconciliation has emerged. To a novice scouring the relevant literatures, it might appear that the only discordant note in this new veritable symphony of writings on political forgiveness has been sounded by philosophers. There is a more-than-healthy cynicism directed at (...) what many philosophers see as an uncritical promotion of forgiveness, which – they fear – risks distorting and cheapening forgiveness as a moral ideal, on the one hand, and ignoring the moral and political values of justice, accountability and the cessation of harmful relationships, on the other. Are philosophical fears about the dangers of thinking about forgiveness in political terms warranted – or do they perhaps depend in part on conceptual conservatism regarding what exactly political forgiveness might be? I argue that most, if not all, standard objections to political forgiveness emerge from theoretical reliance on a picture of forgiveness I will call the Emotional Model. Once we make conceptual space for descriptions of forgiveness in performative and social terms, the concept is more easily adapted to a political account without at least some of the risks feared by philosophers. (shrink)

It shall be examined how anti-physicalist arguments give rise to the tension between those aspects of our everyday life and the thesis of physicalism. The debate over the subjective character of consciousness, or as it is sometimes called: “the hard problem of consciousness”, is considered to be the greatest challenge to physicalism. Many philosophers posit this as a matter that cannot be solved, regardless of scientific progress, for it is beyond the scope of what science can find out about the (...) world. If they are correct, the consequence is that the idea of physicalism itself fails. The paper is divided in two parts. For the first part we will deal with Chalmers’ version of the conceivability argument as well as the semantic apparatus of the two-dimensional framework required to make the appropriate link between conceivability and possibility. At the end of this we shall take a look at Kripke’s version of the conceivability argument against physicalism. (shrink)

O presente texto pretende refletir sobre a interculturalidade e sua necesidade histórica, através de dois autores centrais, Raúl Fornet-Betancourt e LéliaGonzalez. O conhecimento dos porvos indígenas e negros foi apagado e nem sequer reconhecido como conhecimento filosófico. Qusndo se reconhece a filosofia amerindia, se faz em comparação com a filosofia ocidental e com tudo que esta produziu. Neste sentido, la Filosofia Intercultural coloca o desafio de repensar la filosofia desde outras experiências de pensamento. O epistemicidio expõe o racismo em que (...) vivimos. O encontro do filósofo cubano com a filósofa brasileira, uma mulher negra, dará força a uma categoria de pensamento que pretendo desenvolver, Améfrica Profunda, para melhor compreender este país chamado Brasil e a forma em que as resistências dos povos indígenas e negros se constituiram, también a partir de profundas experiencias interculturais. (shrink)

Empirical data from studies with both heterosexual and homosexual individuals have consistently indicated different tendencies in mating behavior. However, transgenders’ data are often overlooked. This exploratory study compared levels of sociosexuality and self-esteem between transgenders and non-transgender (cisgender) individuals. The aim was to verify whether either sexual genotype or gender self-perception had more influence on the examined variables in transgenders. Correlations between self-esteem and sociosexuality levels were also investigated. The sample consisted of 120 Brazilian individuals (51 transgenders) from both sexes. (...) Sociosexuality scores indicated mostly sex-typical patterns for transgenders of both sexes across the construct’s three dimensions (behavior, attitude, and desire), except for female-to-male transgenders’ behavioral sociosexuality. Unique associations between the dimensions of sociosexuality were found for transgender participants. No differences in self-esteem were observed and no correlations between self-esteem and sociosexuality were found. The results suggest that transgenders’ sociosexuality is largely influenced by their sexual genotype despite their incongruent gender self-perception and that the relationships between behavior, attitude, and sociosexual desire are different from those observed in cisgenders. (shrink)

O presente estudo propõe-se a analisar as medidas e os limites de precaução adotados pelos Poderes da República. Pretendem-se investigar as premissas em que estão fundamentadas as ações do Poder Judiciário, resultando no ativismo judicial. Ponderam-se, ainda, os limites do ativismo judicial e a harmonia entre Poderes. Ressaltam-se a importância atual da temática e a necessidade de exploração de suas repercussões para a construção social. A pesquisa, de viés qualitativo e de cunho exploratório, será lastreada em levantamento bibliográfico e dados (...) estatísticos obtidos através de fontes diversas. (shrink)

"Eros" bezeichnet zuerst ein von fast allen Menschen mehr oder weniger glücklich erfahrenes Phänomen namens Verliebtheit oder sexuelles Begehren. Es gibt aber auch einen höchst einflussreichen Begriff des Eros.

En el presente estudio se analizará la especie de presencia desempeñada por el ente no visible en “La mígala”, cuento de Juan José Arreola en el que la voz narrativa es afectada por los sucesos y no-sucesos. Tomando como base las propuestas de Jacques Derrida y Paul Ricoeur, se estudió la razón ausencia-presencia en los acontecimientos del lenguaje expuestos en el relato. De ello surge la resolución de la huella y el cogito, nociones descubiertas en este trabajo cuyo valor reside (...) en la deconstrucción del estar-no-estar de la mígala. (shrink)

Wider possibilities for moral thought -- Objectivity revisited: a lesson from the work of J.L. Austin -- Ethics, inheriting from Wittgenstein -- Moral thought beyond moral judgment: the case of literature -- Reclaiming moral judgment: the case of feminist thought -- Moralism as a central moral problem.

O texto apresentado a seguir é uma traduçáo da conferência intitulada “The Burden and Blessing of Mortality” ( The Hastings Center Report , 22, n. 1, jan-fev. 1992, p. 34-40), que foi apresentada à Fundaçáo do Palácio Real [The Royal Palace Foundation], em Amsterdam, no dia 19 de março de 1991. Esta conferência foi traduzida para o alemáo por Reinhard Löw e revisada pelo próprio Jonas, aparecendo com o título “Last und Segen der Sterblichkeit” em Scheidewege 21, 1991/92, p. 26-40, (...) e mais tarde em um livro do próprio Jonas: Philosophische Untersuchungen und metaphysische Vermutungen [Investigações Filosóficas e Suposições Metafísicas] . Frankfurt am Main: Insel Verlag, 1992, p. 81-100. Por sua vez, o texto original, em inglês, veio ainda a fazer parte de uma coletânea de ensaios de Jonas, editada por Lawrence Vogel ( Mortality and Morality : a search for good after Auschwits. Ed. Lawrence Vogel. Evanston, Illinois: Northwestern University Press, 1996, p. 87-97). (shrink)

This text offers major re-evaluation of Wittgenstein's thinking. It is a collection of essays that presents a significantly different portrait of Wittgenstein. The essays clarify Wittgenstein's modes of philosophical criticism and shed light on the relation between his thought and different philosophical traditions and areas of human concern. With essays by Stanley Cavell, James Conant, Cora Diamond, Peter Winch and Hilary Putnam, we see the emergence of a new way of understanding Wittgenstein's thought. This is a controversial collection, with essays (...) by highly regarded Wittgenstein scholars that may change the way we look at Wittgenstein's body of work. (shrink)

Typically, the imagination in thought experiments has been taken to consist in mental images; we visualize the state of affairs described. A recent alternative from Fiora Salis and Roman Frigg main...

Is there a role for aesthetic judgements in science? One aspect of scientific practice, the use of thought experiments, has a clear aesthetic dimension. Thought experiments are creatively produced artefacts that are designed to engage the imagination. Comparisons have been made between scientific (and philosophical) thought experiments and other aesthetically appreciated objects. In particular, thought experiments are said to share qualities with literary fiction as they invite us to imagine a fictional scenario and often have a narrative form (Elgin 2014). (...) But philosophical discussions of aesthetics in science have focused mainly on the epistemic role of beauty and elegance when it comes to theories and mathematical proofs, and thought experiments have been widely overlooked. My aim in this chapter is to address how the aesthetic choices scientists make in the design of a thought experiment contribute to its function: to communicate, convince, or explain a theory or phenomenon. A key issue is whether any aesthetic features in science provide anything beyond catching our attention, or are at best, a mere heuristic aid. I respond to accounts that argue this way and show how formulation is important in scientific thought experiments and, similarly to literary fictions, there is more than one way of interpreting a thought experiment scenario. I end by considering which literary examples are most appropriate when making comparisons with thought experiments. As a result, the difference between representations in art and science raised in current discussions is not as stark as it has been made out to be, and science is a more heterogeneous practice than has been allowed. Part of the value of thought experiments in scientific practice includes the qualities they share with literary works. (shrink)

Those who wish to defend the role of aesthetic values in science face a dilemma: Either aesthetic language is used metaphorically for what are ultimately epistemic features, or aesthetic language is used literally but it is difficult to see the importance of such values in science. I introduce a new account that gets around this problem by looking to an overlooked source of aesthetic value in science: the relation between form and content. I argue that a fit between the content (...) of a thought experiment, and the way in which that content is formulated, can have important epistemic pay offs through contributing to scientific understanding. (shrink)

This paper explores contemporary debates about the meaning and value of realism in political theory. I seek to move beyond the widespread observation that realism encompasses a diverse set of critiques and commitments, by urging that we recognize two key strands in recent realist thought. Detachment realists claim that political theory is excessively abstract and infeasible and thereby fails adequately to inform actual political decision-making. Displacement critics, on the other hand, suggest that political theory threatens or disrespects real politics. Not (...) only are these visions of realism very different, there are also important tensions between them. I focus, in particular, on clarifying and evaluating the more complex charge that political theory displaces politics. (shrink)

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar um mapeamento do tipo “estado da arte, ou estado do conhecimento” das produções acadêmicas sobre mulheres negras em processo de alfabetização na Educação de Jovens e Adultos. O inventário das produções, que teve como recorte temporal os anos de 2010 até 2020, foi realizado a partir dos catálogos de dissertações e teses da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) e do Instituto Brasileiro de Informação em Ciência e Tecnologia (IBICT), bem como (...) os anais da Associação Nacional de Política e Administração da Educação (ANPAE) e da Associação Nacional de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Educação (ANPED). Nesse processo, constatou-se que embora tenha ocorrido uma ampliação na produção científica do campo, ainda é insipiente o número de produções que correlacionam a temática da alfabetização de mulheres negras coma EJA. (shrink)

While the influence of emotion on individuals'' ethical decisions has been identified by numerous researchers, little is known about how emotions influence individuals'' ethical decision process. Thus, it is not clear whether different emotions promote and/or discourage ethical decision-making in the workplace. To address this gap, this paper develops a model that illustrates how emotion affects the components of individuals'' ethical decision-making process. The model is developed by integrating research findings that consider the two dimensions of emotion, arousal and feeling (...) state, into an applied cognitive-developmental perspective on the process of ethical decision-making. The model demonstrates that certain emotional states influence the individual''s propensity to identify ethical dilemmas, facilitate the formation of the individual''s prescriptive judgments at sophisticated levels of moral development, lead to ethical decision choices that are consistent with the individual''s prescriptive judgements, and promote the individual''s compliance with his or her ethical decision choices. In particular, the model suggests that individuals experiencing arousal and positive affect resolve ethical dilemmas in a manner consistent with more sophisticated cognitive moral structures. Implications for theory and practice are discussed. (shrink)

Trata-se de um encontro dialogal da virada pragmático-linguística filosofia com a informação e a teoria crítica da sociedade. O escopo de tal encontro é a busca pelas possibilidades férteis que a teoria crítica da sociedade pós-virada linguística oferece para os estudos sociais da informação, em especial, o método da reconstrução racional, cujo propósito reconstrutivo traz consigo dois conceitos fundamentais que se assemelham e coexistem com as ações prático-cognitivas da informação: sentido e validade. Versa acerca de um encontro público entre as (...) pretensões racionais do uso público da linguagem e seu eco pelas veredas plurais dos estudos informacionais. Ao final das glosas, ficam vestígios e indícios de uma tarefa humanitária e emancipatória porvir, em seu detalhe informacional. INFORMATION BETWEEN MEANING AND VALIDITY: GLOSSES RECONSTRUCTIVEAbstractIt is a dialogical meeting of the pragmatic-linguistic turn philosophy with information and critical theory of society. The scope of this meeting is the search for fertile possibilities that the critical theory of society linguistic post-oriented provides for the social studies of information, in particular the method of rational reconstruction, the purpose of reconstructive brings with it two key concepts that are similar and coexist with the practical-cognitive actions of information: meaning and validity. Versa about a public meeting between the rational claims of the public use of language and its echo the plural paths of informational studies. At the end of glosses, are traces and evidence of a humanitarian task and future emancipatory in its informational detail. (shrink)

O objetivo deste texto é apresentar o movimento que vai de Totalité et Infini à Autrement qu’être au-delà de l’essence, ou seja, da diferença vista como separação absoluta entre Eu e o Outro para uma diferença que atravessa a própria Subjetividade, uma diferença que passa a compor o tecido mesmo desta Subjetividade e, por sua vez, o tecido mesmo do próprio texto. O dizer não se apresenta aqui como um movimento verbal, mas é passividade extrema de exposição ao Outro. Podemos (...) dizer que o Outro é anterior a mim, é ele que me chama a existência, não sendo então signo verbal, nem modalidade de conhecimento. Seu sentido está no fato de expor uma subjetividade ferida, desde sua origem pelo outro. O estrangeiro não é mais o Outro, mas sua condição de estrangeiro pertence a subjetividade, fazendo com que o sujeito deixe de ser contemporâneo de si mesmo. PALAVRAS-CHAVE – Subjetividade. Diferença. Alteridade. Corpo. Dizer. Linguagem. (shrink)

Tem como contexto o Brasil atual, em seus circuitos helênicos e disposições modernas. O Brasil dos fluxos da máquina antropológica ocidental. Entretanto, é também uma escritura a contrapelo, de um Brasil contemporâneo inatual, rodeado por existências virtuais que habitam a orla marginal das falas essenciais. Fora do sentido e da univocidade de um conservadorismo colonial travestido nas roupas do Estado, o inatual é não-oficial (aquele que diz “preferiria não” à ordem), um acidente que irrompe em veredas multivocais nos sulcos escriturais (...) do ofício e, em contingentes toares, aquebrantam as barreiras da língua universal. Este inatual é o ruidoso Brasil dos seres informes e das palavras selvagens, o tropel dos doces bárbaros que avançam através dos grossos portões simbólico-materiais da antiga pólis e seus modernos aparelhos de Estado em busca dos festins da linguagem, dos seus jogos germinantes de alteridade, das suas balbúrdias gramaticais que fertilizam vidas impertinentes ao sentido único. Por esta maneira, este texto é con–temporâneo, ao mesmo tempo, inatual, antigo, moderno e atual. Simultaneamente, carnaval. (shrink)

This article is an invitation to consider Paulo Freire’s Pedagogy of the Question as a text that leads the reader to consider the possibilities offered by the post-Covid 19 resumption of daily school life with children as a political act. Based on a conversation that Freire had with Antônio Faundez in 1985, this text encourages researchers and educators to consider ways of returning to school life in ways that are welcoming, responsive and loving in the wake of the experience of (...) “almost-exile” undergone during the covid-19 pandemic. It becomes necessary to think school life again from where the children truly are, restarting in full awareness of the adventures, the pains, the losses they have undergone, encouraging them to ask the questions that the pandemic experience has produced them, and to recognize the new forms of consciousness it has inaugurated. This paper explores the implications of the ideas found in the Freire-Faundez dialogue for this moment of reconstruction. (shrink)

O artigo defende a hipótese de uma linguagem da natureza a partir da interpretação ontológica da poesia de Hölderlin, contrária à interpretação estética feita por Benjamin e acolhida por Adorno. A exegese heideggeriana da φύσις grega, que ele compara à de Hölderlin, será o fio condutor para diferenciar a leitura ontológica da leitura estética e para defender a possibilidade de a natureza falar ao coração do poeta de modo pré-discursivo. O artigo termina com a análise do poema místico de Angelus (...) Silesius, cujo objetivo é reafirmar tal hipótese e não defender uma mística em Heidegger e nem em Hölderlin. (shrink)

Reúne textos sobre a história e seu objeto, desde o século XVII até a contemporaneidade, compondo uma amostragem do que se tem trabalhado no âmbito da filosofia da história, mais expressivamente no Brasil.

Ecovillages have become a phenomenon as communities focused on shared goals of sustainable living and ecological engagement grew worldwide. Within ecovillages sustainability is not meant just in material terms, but also as a specific way of interacting with nature, involving an ethics of closeness and care. The natural environment is considered as an active agent of intimate emotions. On this basis, this article focuses on the connection between multispecies ethnography and the human/non-human encounter that takes places within these communities, pointing (...) out how it contributes to the production of new relational subjectivities. (shrink)

Historically left to the margins, the topics of imagination and creativity have gained prominence in philosophy of science, challenging the once dominant distinction between ‘context of discovery’ and ‘context of justification’. The aim of this chapter is to explore imagination and creativity starting from issues within contemporary philosophy of science, making connections to these topics in other domains along the way. It discusses the recent literature on the role of imagination in models and thought experiments, and their comparison with fictions. (...) It then turns to the importance of constraints on imaginings in the scientific domain, as well as whether constraints can hinder creativity. The second part of the paper focuses on the social dimensions of science. It considers imagination and creativity of scientific communities, asks whether the institution of science promotes creativity (and whether we want it to) or if it encourages conservativeness, and ends with a reflection on the politics of imagination and creativity in science. (shrink)